18 questions · 9 almanac · 0 findings

Nuclear Fusion

The joining of light nuclei to release energy.

Almanac Fusion in a Jar, Announced Too Soon
  • What exactly did Pons and Fleischmann claim happened inside their palladium electrode in heavy water?
  • Why did announcing the result at a press conference before peer review undermine the claim's credibility?
  • What happened when labs on three continents tried to replicate the excess heat Pons and Fleischmann reported?
  • Why do the entry's authors describe the episode as not quite fraud despite the claim collapsing under scrutiny?
Almanac Gold, Fusion, and Garbage, All Unsolved
  • What three separate breakthroughs did John Bockris claim to be pursuing simultaneously?
  • What happened to the original 1989 cold fusion claims by Fleischmann and Pons?
  • Why did Bockris's colleagues at Texas A&M petition for an investigation into his work?
Almanac More Energy Out Than In, At Last
  • How does the National Ignition Facility use 192 laser beams to trigger nuclear fusion in a hydrogen fuel pellet?
  • How much energy did the December 2022 fusion reaction release compared to the laser energy that triggered it?
  • Why does achieving ignition not yet mean fusion power is net-positive overall?
Almanac Denser Than the Limit Allowed
  • What is the Greenwald limit, and why does exceeding it usually destabilize plasma confinement?
  • How did China's EAST tokamak sustain plasma densities up to 1.65 times the Greenwald limit without collapsing?
  • Why does exceeding the Greenwald limit matter for making fusion power plants economically viable?