59 questions · 28 almanac · 0 findings

Hoaxes and Pseudoscience

Scientific frauds, hoaxes, and unfounded claims.

Almanac Ancient Wonders, Attributed to Visitors
  • What central thesis did Erich von Däniken advance in Chariots of the Gods?
  • Which ancient structures did von Däniken argue could not have been built by the people who actually built them?
Almanac Water Remembers Nothing
  • What claim did Benveniste's 1988 Nature paper make about extremely diluted antibody solutions?
  • How did the replication team, which included a magician, test Benveniste's results?
Almanac Thirteen Years of Plank, Rope, and Silence
  • What tools did Doug Bower and David Chorley use to make crop circles in Hampshire?
  • What explanations had researchers proposed for crop circles before the hoax was revealed?
  • How did Bower and Chorley demonstrate the hoax to a journalist in 1991?
Almanac Hens Do Not Transmute Potassium Into Calcium
  • What did Corentin Louis Kervran claim happens inside hens to produce eggshell calcium?
  • Why would Kervran's theory of biological transmutation contradict established nuclear physics?
  • What simpler explanation for eggshell calcium did Kervran overlook?
Almanac A Harvard Professor Bet on Alien Hybrids
  • What conclusion did John E. Mack and David M. Jacobs reach about alien abduction reports?
  • Why did Mack treat the consistency of abductees' accounts as significant clinical evidence?
Almanac Four Thousand Minds, One Crime Rate
  • What did John Hagelin claim his 1994 Transcendental Meditation experiment in Washington, D.C. accomplished?
  • Why did the Washington Metropolitan Police Department dispute Hagelin's claimed 24 percent drop in violent crime?
Almanac The Good Book That Paid Extremely Well
  • What did the Ig Nobel committee actually praise about Hubbard's Dianetics?
  • How did L. Ron Hubbard go from pulp science fiction writer to founder of a religion built around his self-improvement psychology?
Almanac Nonsense That Sounded Correct
  • What was Alan Sokal's hoax paper arguing, and why was it constructed to sound plausible to its intended audience?
  • How did Sokal reveal that the paper was a deliberate test, and what was the response from Social Text's editors?
  • What became known as the Sokal Affair, and why has it kept generating academic discussion?
Almanac A Menagerie Seen Only in Stone
  • What did Chonosuke Okamura claim to have discovered in the polished limestone from his local quarry?
  • What were the microscopic structures Okamura interpreted as miniature fossils actually made of?
Almanac Ranking How Executions Actually Feel
  • What methods of execution did Harold Hillman analyse from a physiological standpoint?
  • Which methods presumed to be humane did Hillman conclude probably were not?
  • Why did the Ig Nobel committee place this grim, serious study in the Peace category?
Almanac A Face on Mars, Seen Only in Blur
  • What did the 1976 Viking 1 image of Cydonia actually show, and at what resolution?
  • How did the sharper Mars Global Surveyor images in 1998 resolve the 'face on Mars' controversy?
  • What did Richard Hoagland claim to see in the Cydonia region beyond the face itself?
Almanac Moby-Dick Predicts Assassinations Too
  • What is an equidistant letter sequence, and how was it used to claim Genesis held hidden messages?
  • How did Brendan McKay debunk the Bible Code by applying the same method to Moby-Dick?
  • What did Michael Drosnin's bestseller The Bible Code claim to have found?
  • Why does searching a very long text for patterns almost guarantee you'll find something?
Almanac A Fourth-Grader Tests the Energy Field
  • What is Therapeutic Touch, and how did Dolores Krieger promote it as a clinical practice?
  • How did nine-year-old Emily Rosa design a controlled experiment to test whether practitioners could detect an energy field?
  • What did Emily Rosa's published results reveal about practitioners' ability to sense the energy field better than chance?
Almanac Quantum Terms, Loosely Related to Quantum Mechanics
  • What claims did Deepak Chopra make about quantum mechanics underpinning consciousness and healing?
  • Why did the Ig Nobel committee single out Chopra's use of quantum terminology specifically for its tenuous relationship to actual physics?
Almanac Living on Light, Until Reality Objected
  • What did Jasmuheen claim about human beings' need for food and water?
  • What happened when a television programme tried to observe her going without food and water?
Almanac Six Confident, Six Wrong Doomsdays
  • What made Harold Camping's 2011 doomsday predictions especially notable among the laureates?
  • What lesson did the Ig Nobel committee say this collective failure taught the public?
  • How did Credonia Mwerinde's followers in Uganda respond to her 1999 end-times prediction?
Almanac Your Brain Wants to Find a Face
  • What is pareidolia and why do people see faces in toast or clouds?
  • How does the frontal cortex actively project face-like templates onto ambiguous visual noise?
  • Why would a face-detection system evolve to favour false positives over false negatives?
Almanac Wholeness Quiets Infinite Phenomena
  • How did researchers construct grammatically sound but meaningless sentences to test perceived profundity?
  • What personality or cognitive traits predicted who rated meaningless statements as profound?
Almanac Some People Can Speak in Reverse
  • What does it mean to speak fluently backwards, and how does it differ from just reversing a few words?
  • What did neuroimaging reveal about the brains of people who can speak backwards?
  • Why might studying a skill with no practical use reveal something about how the brain is architected?