- What everyday phenomenon shares its physics with the way Lippmann's plates captured colour?
Fluid Dynamics
The physics of liquids and gases in motion.
- What did Krogh notice was different between the capillaries of a resting frog and a working one?
- How do capillaries actively regulate blood flow to match a tissue's metabolic demand?
- Why did earlier investigators find the precision of capillary regulation implausibly convenient?
- What did Langmuir discover about how molecules arrange themselves in single layers on a surface?
- Why does surface chemistry behave so differently from the chemistry of a material's interior?
- How does Langmuir's surface science help explain how cell membranes stay selectively permeable?
- Why does a soap film naturally form a surface of minimal area across a wire loop?
- What evidence from viscosity measurements eventually convinced chemists that Staudinger's long-chain model was correct?
- Why can superfluid helium climb up and over the walls of its container?
- What is magnetohydrodynamics, and why did Hannes Alfvén's theory of it apply to solar flares and fusion reactor plasma alike?
- Why did Lev Landau and other physicists initially dismiss Alfvén's plasma theories?
- Why doesn't the spontaneous formation of Bénard convection cells violate the second law of thermodynamics?
- What does ESCA measure about a material's outermost atomic layers?
- Why does treating cereal sogginess as a materials-science problem make it useful to the food industry?
- What two physical factors did Matthews identify as the reason toast tends to land buttered-side down?
- Why does standard table height give toast just enough time to complete half a rotation before hitting the floor?
- According to Matthews, what would you have to change about your table or your toast to beat the odds?
- How did Len Fisher model biscuit dunking as a problem in capillary action and porous media?
- What determines whether a teapot spout drips instead of pouring cleanly?
- What balance of forces decides when a dunked biscuit collapses rather than holding together?
- What does it mean for water to be diamagnetic?
- Why does a shower curtain billow inward and cling to a bather when hot water runs?
- How does Bernoulli's principle explain the low-pressure vortex created by a shower spray?
- What method did David Schmidt use to model and confirm the shower curtain vortex?
- What is exponential decay, and what other natural phenomena does it also describe?
- How did Arnd Leike measure the half-life of beer foam, and why did it vary by beer style?
- How did Peter Agre's discovery of aquaporin-1 explain how water moves across cell membranes so quickly?
- Why does pitch behave like a solid when struck but flow like a liquid over long timescales?
- How did Cussler and Gettelfinger raise the viscosity of a swimming pool for their experiment?
- Why did swimmers move at the same speed in the thickened water as in normal water?
- What longstanding debate in fluid dynamics did this experiment settle?
- What equation did Meyer-Rochow and Gal use to calculate defecation pressure, and what pressures did they find?
- What ultrahigh-vacuum techniques did Gerhard Ertl use to watch molecules on a metal surface?
- How did Ertl's research turn catalysis from an industrial craft into a rigorous science?
- Why does coffee tend to spill from a mug at the worst possible moment while walking?
- How does the natural sloshing frequency of coffee coincide with the rhythm of human walking?
- What practical strategies did Krechetnikov and Mayer find reduce coffee spillage while walking?
- What substance does a banana peel release under pressure that makes it so slippery?
- How did the researchers compare the slipperiness of banana peel against orange and apple peel?
- How does the friction coefficient of a banana peel compare to wet ice or a waxed floor?
- Why does bladder-emptying time stay roughly constant across mammals of wildly different sizes?
- How does urethra scaling keep flow rate proportional to bladder volume?
- How does a vortex fluidic device use shear force to refold proteins?
- Why does walking forward cause coffee to slosh out of a cup more than walking backward?
- What is the resonance mechanism that couples a person's gait to the sloshing frequency of a liquid?
- How did Jiwon Han confirm the backward-walking effect experimentally?
- What is the Deborah number, and how does it distinguish a liquid from a solid?
- What makes Fardin's cat-fluidity paper a genuine application of rheology rather than just a joke?
- How does a mother duck's bow wave generate lift for the ducklings swimming behind her?
- What role does ocean mixing play in climate and nutrient distribution?
- How did Bieito Fernández Castro's team measure the contribution of spawning anchovies to ocean turbulence?
- Why had fish-generated turbulence been left out of ocean circulation models before this study?
- Why is the Moon's south pole considered scientifically significant, and what might its permanently shadowed craters contain?
- Why does the Coriolis force influence large systems like ocean currents and cyclones but not something as small as a hair follicle?
- How can a dead trout placed in flowing water move upstream without any muscular effort of its own?
- What role does the body's passive flexibility play in converting stream vortices into forward thrust?
- How do Lax's numerical methods underlie modern weather forecasting and computational fluid dynamics?
- Why is understanding wave-equation blowup practically important for modeling fluids and fields?
- How does treating plant tissue as a poromorphoelastic medium explain the coupling between water absorption and cell wall expansion during growth?
- Why do growing regions of a plant tissue behave as hydraulic sinks, and what non-local effects does this create across the tissue?
- How can competing growth regions in a plant tissue draw water away from each other through shared water potential gradients?
- Why do surface treatments like silane coupling and acetic anhydride improve water resistance in wood flour/PLA biocomposites?