Organ Transplantation — Graph

What assassination motivated Alexis Carrel to pursue the problem of vascular surgery?
Why did organs transplanted using Carrel's techniques eventually fail even though the surgery itself worked?

Why had organ transplants been failing for decades even when surgeons could perform the operation flawlessly?
How did Burnet and Medawar's discovery eventually lead to preventing rejection in transplanted organs?

What groundwork had Norman Shumway's dog studies laid before Christiaan Barnard performed the first human transplant?
Why was the legal status of brain death an unresolved question at the time of the operation?
How long did Louis Washkansky survive after the transplant, and what ultimately caused his death?
Why did the transplant capture public imagination even though the immunology to prevent rejection wasn't ready yet?

How was the artificial heart implanted in Haskell Karp meant to function as a bridge device?
What controversy surrounded Denton Cooley's 1969 artificial heart implantation?
How did the 1969 artificial heart implant lead to modern ventricular assist devices?

How did Baruj Benacerraf's work on MHC genes explain why organ transplants fail?
How were transplant surgeons matching donors to recipients before this research established the MHC and HLA systems?

What was the Jarvik-7, and what materials was it made from?
Why was Barney Clark's implant considered a permanent replacement rather than a bridge to a donor heart?
What complications did Barney Clark experience while living with the artificial heart, and how long did he survive?
How did the Jarvik-7 implant influence later generations of ventricular assist devices?

Why did Joseph Murray's 1954 kidney transplant between identical twins succeed where transplants between unrelated people failed?
What immunosuppression protocols did E. Donnall Thomas develop to make bone marrow transplants work between unrelated people?
How did transplantation move from a procedure only possible between twins to a routine intervention performed a quarter million times a year?

How does the AbioCor artificial heart deliver power to the body without any tubes breaking the skin?
Why did earlier artificial hearts carry a much higher risk of infection than the AbioCor?
How long did Robert Tools survive after receiving the first self-contained artificial heart?

What experimental method did McCulloch and Till use to study the effects of radiation on bone marrow?

What facial tissue was transplanted onto Isabelle Dinoire, and how did she lose it?
What open questions had surgeons debated before attempting the first face transplant?
What was Isabelle Dinoire's long-term outcome after the surgery?
How did this operation change what reconstructive surgery could offer patients with severe facial injuries?

How was matching theory extended from school placement systems to kidney exchange networks?

What did researchers find when they played opera to transplanted mouse hearts compared to silence?
How did Verdi's La Traviata compare to Mozart and to monotonous tones in prolonging survival?

Why are pig kidneys an anatomically promising option for addressing the shortage of transplantable human kidneys?
What immune barriers make transplanting a pig organ into a human so difficult, and how do they cause hyperacute rejection?
What fourteen genetic modifications were made to the donor pig before the March 2024 transplant into Richard Slayman?
What does the outcome of this transplant suggest about the future direction of xenotransplant research?