- What did Michael Smith's site-directed mutagenesis technique let researchers do to a gene?
CRISPR and Gene Editing
Precise, programmable editing of genetic sequences.
- How do bacteria use CRISPR and Cas9 as a natural immune system against viruses?
- What did Doudna and Charpentier show in 2012 that made CRISPR-Cas9 programmable?
- Why was the January 2013 demonstration in human and mouse cells such a pivotal moment for the technology?
- How quickly did CRISPR-Cas9 spread across different organisms and applications after 2013?
- How does CRISPR-Cas9 function as a bacterial immune system against viruses?
- What made CRISPR-Cas9 easier and cheaper to use than earlier gene-editing methods?
- What controversy erupted at the end of 2015 over CRISPR's use in human embryos?
- How do bacteria use CRISPR as an immune memory against viruses?
- What did Charpentier and Doudna's 2012 paper show could be done with the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
- How does a guide RNA let CRISPR-Cas9 find one exact sequence among three billion base pairs?
- What diseases have CRISPR-based therapies already reached clinical trials for?
- What fourteen genetic modifications were made to the donor pig before the March 2024 transplant into Richard Slayman?
- How do base editing and prime editing correct single-letter DNA mutations without cutting both strands?
- Why did earlier gene-editing techniques cause more collateral damage than base and prime editing?