- What happened at the Battle of Solferino that led Henry Dunant to found the Red Cross?
- How did Dunant's improvised battlefield relief effort turn into the Geneva Conventions?
Humanitarian Organizations
Institutions delivering relief and humanitarian aid.
- What kind of work was the International Committee of the Red Cross doing on the front lines of World War One in 1917?
- Why did the Nobel committee award a Peace Prize for humanitarian work rather than for achieving an actual peace?
- What connects the ICRC's 1917 prize to its second Peace Prize in 1944, also awarded during a world war?
- What services did Hull House provide to immigrant families on Chicago's Near West Side?
- What kind of cross-border work did John Mott do through the YMCA and World Student Christian Federation?
- What was the logic behind pairing Balch and Mott as co-laureates in the same year?
- What relief principle did the Quakers apply when deciding who received food and medical aid during wartime?
- How far back did the Quakers' tradition of cross-conflict relief work go before the 1947 prize?
- In which countries did the Friends Service Council and American Friends Service Committee carry out reconstruction and refugee work?
- What role did Boyd Orr play in founding the Food and Agriculture Organization, and why did he resign from it?
- What did Albert Schweitzer mean by his ethic of 'reverence for life'?
- Why did Schweitzer abandon a distinguished European career to build a hospital in Lambaréné?
- What did Schweitzer do with the money from his Nobel Peace Prize?
- How have later assessments complicated the legacy of Schweitzer's hospital in Gabon?
- Why was the UNHCR originally created with a mandate limited to just three years?
- How large was the UNHCR's annual budget in 1954, and how did the organisation typically fund itself?
- What is the irony the entry identifies in an international-goodwill organisation winning a prize for managing goodwill's failures?
- When did the UNHCR win a second Nobel Peace Prize, and what did that repeat award signal about the refugee problem?
- What did Georges Pire's 'European villages' provide that temporary refugee camps did not?
- What was Georges Pire's activity during the German occupation of Belgium, and how did it lead to his postwar humanitarian work?
- How many families did Pire's villages house at their peak?
- What happened at the Battle of Solferino that led Henry Dunant to found the Red Cross movement?
- How did Dunant's book A Memory of Solferino lead directly to the Geneva Convention of 1864?
- Why did the Nobel Committee choose 1963 specifically to award the ICRC its third Peace Prize?
- Why was UNICEF originally founded in 1946, and why did it not dissolve once its emergency mission ended?
- How did UNICEF's mission expand from postwar Europe to operating in over a hundred countries by 1965?
- What reasoning did the Nobel committee give for awarding the Peace Prize to an organization rather than an individual?
- What led Mother Teresa to found the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta in 1950?
- What did Mother Teresa ask the Nobel committee to do with the banquet money?
- What kind of people did the Missionaries of Charity focus on serving that other institutions turned away?
- What was Servicio Paz y Justicia, and why was documenting human rights abuses in Latin America dangerous work in the 1970s?
- Why was the UNHCR originally established as a temporary body in 1950?
- What refugee crises in the decades after 1950 kept expanding the UNHCR's mandate instead of winding it down?
- What day-to-day work does the UNHCR actually do in refugee camps and with host governments?
- What experiences in Biafra and Bangladesh led French doctors to found Médecins Sans Frontières in 1971?
- What does témoignage mean, and how did it distinguish MSF from traditional relief organisations?
- How did MSF use its Nobel prize money to campaign for medicine access in developing countries?
- What was Jimmy Carter's role in the campaign to eradicate Guinea worm disease?
- What work did Denis Mukwege do at Panzi Hospital for survivors of wartime sexual violence?
- Why was the World Food Programme originally created as a temporary three-year experiment?
- How many people was the WFP reaching by 2019, and in how many countries?
- Why did the Nobel Committee's 2020 timing require no further explanation?