24 questions · 10 almanac · 0 findings

Space Shuttle Program

NASA's reusable spacecraft program and its missions.

Almanac One Landing Attempt, Bolted to a 747 First
  • Why did NASA need to test the Space Shuttle's unpowered glide-and-landing profile before ever flying it in orbit?
  • How was Enterprise carried aloft and released for its first free flight on 12 August 1977?
  • Why did Enterprise never fly to space despite completing five successful approach-and-landing tests?
Almanac Its Maiden Flight Carried a Crew
  • Why was STS-1 unusual in carrying astronauts on a spacecraft's very first flight?
  • What specific risks worried engineers about Columbia's heatshield tiles before launch?
  • How did Columbia land after its two-day mission, and how fast was it going at touchdown?
  • What promise did the reusable shuttle design make about the future cost of reaching orbit, and how did that hold up?
Almanac She Flew the Arm She Built
  • What was Sally Ride's role during the STS-7 mission aboard Challenger in 1983?
  • What roles did Sally Ride take on after her spaceflights, including on shuttle accident investigations?
Almanac A Hundred Metres, Attached to Nothing
  • How did the Manned Maneuvering Unit's nitrogen thrusters let Bruce McCandless II move away from the shuttle without a tether?
  • Why had every spacewalk before STS-41-B relied on a physical tether to the spacecraft?
Almanac Seventy-Three Seconds Over Florida
  • What warning did Morton Thiokol engineers give NASA the night before the Challenger launch?
  • How did a failure in the O-ring seal lead to the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger?
  • How did Richard Feynman demonstrate the O-ring's brittleness to the Rogers Commission using a glass of ice water?
  • What organisational lesson did the Rogers Commission draw about flying with known risks until they stop seeming extraordinary?
Almanac Foam, a Breach, Seventeen Years Later
  • What struck Columbia's wing at launch, and why had it not been treated as a serious risk before?
  • What happened during reentry on 1 February 2003 that caused the shuttle to break apart?
  • What organizational failure did the Columbia Accident Investigation Board identify as a root cause?
  • How did the Columbia disaster's failure mode compare to what destroyed Challenger in 1986?
Almanac Atlantis Lands for the Last Time
  • How many people and missions did the Space Shuttle program fly over its thirty-year run?
  • What design compromises made the Space Shuttle 'not quite safe enough'?