- What did Ragnar Frisch contribute to founding the field of econometrics?
- How did Jan Tinbergen's macroeconometric models try to describe a national economy?
Econometrics
Statistical methods for testing economic theories.
- What problem was Leonid Kantorovich solving for a Soviet plywood trust when he invented linear programming?
- Why was Kantorovich's work on resource allocation classified and ignored by Soviet planners?
- How did Tjalling Koopmans arrive at similar mathematics through wartime shipping logistics?
- How did Lawrence Klein turn Keynesian macroeconomic theory into a system of equations that could model an entire national economy?
- What was the Wharton Econometric Forecasting model, and who ended up using it?
- What limitation did Klein himself recognize about econometric models of national economies?
- What was the core statistical problem with how early twentieth-century economists fit curves to data?
- What did Haavelmo mean by treating economic relationships as 'stochastic from the start'?
- How did Haavelmo's 1944 monograph become the methodological foundation for modern econometrics?
- What did Robert Fogel's cliometric analysis conclude about the economic necessity of American railroads?
- What uncomfortable conclusion did Fogel's research reach about the profitability of slavery?
- What is selection bias and why does it corrupt empirical economic data?
- What problem did the Heckman correction solve for non-random samples?
- How did Daniel McFadden's discrete choice models change transport and urban planning?
- What is the ARCH model, and what market behavior did Robert Engle design it to capture?
- What problem did Clive Granger's cointegration methods solve for economists studying time-series data?
- What is Vector Autoregression and how does it let data reveal causality without a prior theory?
- How do Sargent's and Sims's approaches complement each other in macroeconomic analysis?
- What role did Lars Peter Hansen's Generalized Method of Moments play in testing both economists' theories?
- What did David Card's New Jersey minimum wage study find about fast-food employment?
- Why can't economists run controlled experiments on entire societies?
- How did Angrist and Imbens formalize the mathematics behind natural experiments?
- How did the researchers use colonial history to test their theory in a way that resembled a controlled experiment?
- What distinct categories of tutoring systems emerge from a Latent Class Analysis of 86 studies on Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Robot Tutoring Systems?