- What is the stored-program architecture von Neumann designed, and why does it still define modern computers?
- What did colleagues suspect caused von Neumann's fatal bone cancer?
- What was von Neumann's role in the design of the Fat Man bomb's implosion lens?
- How did von Neumann react to learning that Klaus Fuchs had passed bomb designs to Moscow?
Computer Architecture and Hardware
The design of computing hardware, processors, and systems.
- How does microprogramming let a processor's instruction set be built from simpler, more primitive operations?
- Why did microprogramming give computer designers more flexibility than fully custom hardware circuits?
- Why was the first commercial floppy disk read-only, and what was it originally used for?
- How did the floppy disk's physical size shrink from 8 inches down to 3.5 inches over the following decades?
- What does Wirth's Law claim about the relationship between software and hardware performance over time?
- What was the conventional wisdom about processor instruction sets before John Cocke's work on the IBM 801?
- Why could a processor with fewer, simpler instructions often run programs faster than a complex-instruction processor?
- How is the ARM architecture used in smartphones connected to Cocke's RISC principles?
- What areas of computing did Butler Lampson's Turing Award citation cover?
- What ideas did Lampson's 1983 paper 'Hints on Computer System Design' put forward?
- How does the Java Virtual Machine let the same compiled code run on different processors?
- How did Charles Thacker's hardware design make the Alto more capable than contemporary minicomputers at lower cost?
- Why did Hennessy and Patterson argue that a small, clean instruction set could outperform complex ones?
- What measurements about actual software execution challenged the dominant complex-instruction-set trend of the early 1980s?
- How does the ARM architecture trace its lineage back to the RISC principles developed at Stanford and Berkeley?
- Why did LINPACK become the benchmark for ranking the world's fastest supercomputers?