- What nickel-steel composition gives Invar a thermal expansion coefficient near zero?
- Why was a stable metrological standard so important to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in the 1890s?
- How did Invar change the precision of pendulum clocks and surveying instruments?
Ceramics and Glass
The chemistry and engineering of ceramic and glass materials.
- Why did the first attempt to cast the Hale Telescope's mirror at Corning fail?
- Why did the conventional wisdom in 1986 hold that ceramics were an unpromising place to look for superconductivity?
- What transition temperature did Bednorz and Müller find in their barium-lanthanum-copper-oxide ceramic, and how did it compare to the previous record?
- How does ceramic loading percentage determine whether a filament yields an enhanced polymer composite or a fully ceramic sintered part?
- What post-processing steps (debinding and sintering) are required to turn a printed green body into a fully dense ceramic part?
- What practical challenges do makers face when working with ceramic-filled filaments, including nozzle wear, particle settling, and sintering shrinkage?